stem and leaf plot

http://www.mathsisfun.com/data/stem-leaf-plots.html

These tables are meant for large amounts of data. Numbers are split into a stem (the first number of a digit) and leaf (the remaining digits). This stem and leaf plot splits the digits like 15 and 16 into 1 which is the stem and 5 and 6 which are the leaves.

Histogram

http://www.math.kent.edu/~honli/teaching/statistics/Chapter2/Excell_Histogram.html

A histogram is a bar graph that has the data of frequency for the variable vertically and the classes to which the variable has been divided into is visible horizontally, with the width of each bar. The graph above shows the classes with respect to height in inches, while the frequency is visible on the left, vertical side of the graph. The graph shows a study done by UVM in order to see the frequency of height among 25 students. 

univariate choropleth map

http://www.colocarto.com/custom-thematic-maps.html

A univariate choropleth map displays data from a single variable with the use of shades from a single color. The map above has shades of orange-reddish to document the estimated household income of each state in the U.S. This is the only variable being displayed, and it is using shades from a single color to do so. 

Bivariate Choropleth Map

http://www.geog.ucsb.edu/~jeff/gis/choropleth_maps.html

A bivariate map shows two variables on a map with the use of color or patterns in order to differentiate between the two. The map above shows two different variables. The line pattern is show to represent the states that voted for Kerry and the ones that voted for Bush. The color is shown to represent the crime rate. The crime rate is classed with the different shades of color.

Unclassified choropleth map

http://go.owu.edu/~jbkrygie/krygier_html/geog_353/geog_353_lo/geog_353_lo07.html

These maps are a bit biased in their display of data. Choropleth maps can easily be manipulated with too many classifications or not enough variation between shades of color. The map above has too many classes, and makes it difficult to fully understand the data visible on the map. 

Classed choropleth maps

http://eps.mq.edu.au/courses/GEOS219/choropleth.htm

These maps use classification intervals to categorize areas of certain data. In the map above, the Australian Bureau of Statistics has surveyed the amount of deaths per 1000 live births. The classifications have been divided into six classes. 

Range graded proportional circle map

https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog486/book/export/html/1796

These maps use circles to show density of regions on a map. The particular map above shows a range of deaths for each circle placed on the state of California. 

Continuously variable proportional Circle Map

https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog486/book/export/html/1796

This map falls under the category of a proportional circle map, however, it does not have a set size of circles to measure the data proportionaly. Additional information may be available through pie charts.

In this map, the proportion of different types of meat that were sent to Paris butcheries from different regions in France are shown with circle graphs. This map was created by Charles Joseph Minard and goes as far back as 1858.

DOQQ

http://www.forestpal.com/DOP_DOQQ.html

The Digital Orthophoto Quarter Quadrangle is a pixel based aerial photo that cover large areas of land and are beneficial for planning or surveying purposes. It is a photo, but its pixelation gives it map-like qualities. The map above has corrected distortion for the area of Necedah, WI in order to get a pixilated image that corresponds to the Earth's surface.  

DEM

http://www.satimagingcorp.com/gallery/dem-sahara-tunisia-lg.html

A digital elevation model is a 3D representation of a terrain surface. This can pertain to the Earth, the moon, an asteroid, etc. The map above shows a 3D model of the a section of the Sahara Desert. The DEM is extracted from the IKONOS satellite.

DLG

http://www.dnr.sc.gov/GIS/descdlg.html

A Digital Line Graph is a digital vector map that is distributed by the USGS. These are also available for GIS use. This vector image of Beaufort, SC.

DRG

http://lter.msu.edu/maps/GIS/DRG_d.jpg

A Digital Raster Graphic is a scanned image of a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) standard series topographic map. These include the original border information and are usually used in GIS applications. This scanned image is from the USGS. 

Isopleth

http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/t0446e/t0446e06.htm

A line representative of points that have equal numerical value. (population) These maps are the gradual construction of an isopleth map. The last map shows patterns to differentiate between isopleths. 

Isopach

A line connecting points of equal geological thickness.

http://www.southampton.ac.uk/~imw/Durlston-Bay-Lower-Purbeck.htm

These lines isolate regions that have certain rock thickness in the area of the Purbeck formation of Southern England and the English Channel

Isohyets

http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/AK0808/S00090.htm

A line representing points that have the same amount of precipitation. The map above shows isohyets that show the amount of rainfall for the month in 100mm bands. The region in the Taranaki region of New Zealand.

Nominal Area Choropleth

https://www.e-education.psu.edu/natureofgeoinfo/c3_p17.html

 This is a thematic map that categorizes information with the use of different colors on the map.This map uses a plethora of different colors to show different classifications of the hispanic population per square km in each state. 

LIDAR

http://forsys.cfr.washington.edu/JFSP06/lidar_&_ifsar_tools.htm

Light detection and ranging is an active remote sensing that transmits its own sensor to the object, and in turn, the radiation bounces back to the sensor. This allows the sensor to have a better visual understanding of the area. The map above has fused LIDAR with a more traditional 2-D form of imagery to produce a higher quality image of the Blue Ridge site surface.  

Isotach map

http://stresscretegroup.com/technical-resources/wind-maps/canadian-isotach-wind-map.asp
These lines represent points of equal wind speed. The blue lines above show wind speed in this Canadian region.

Bilateral Graph

http://www.oceansadvance.net/press-releases/bilateral-rd-funding-opportunities-canadian-and-brazilian-companies

These graphs are representative of more than one variable. These may be bar or line graphs.  

The Graph above shows data from two separate sources, exports and imports, from 2005-2009. 

Planimetric Map

https://www.facilities.fsu.edu/Planning_Space_Management/Documents/Maps/MC_AdministrativeMap.pdf

A Planimetric map shows the position of features on a map. No attention is paid to elevation. The map above shows the location of buildings and attractions on FSU's campus. It does not show any sign of elevation, therefore, it proves to be a true planimetric map, showing only the position of facilities, streets, etc. on a map. 

Thematic maps

http://edutube.org/en/blog/gender-equality-we-still-have-long-way-go

A thematic map depicts a geographical area and uses a theme to tell you more information about that area. It can vary with themes of politics, economy, social, etc. The map above shows the ratio of male to female income along with the percentage of seats women held in parliament in the year 2006. It is a geographical map of the world that allows the viewer to be aware of more information of that area. 

Topographic

http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/lewis/chftopo.jpg

A topographic map shows elevation of both man-made and natural structures. This map is the umbrella in which other maps showing elevation fall under. The image above uses contour lines to show the elevation of a certain region and trail on the Rocky National Park. As you can see, another aspect of this map deals with a layer of the map that shows positioning of features and another that deals with the aspect of elevation. 

Planimetric Map

https://www.facilities.fsu.edu/Planning_Space_Management/Documents/Maps/MC_AdministrativeMap.pdf

A Planimetric map shows the position of features on a map. No attention is paid to elevation. The map above shows the location of buildings and attractions on FSU's campus. It does not show any sign of elevation, therefore, it proves to be a true planimetric map, showing only the position of facilities, streets, etc. on a map. 

Mental Map

 http://www.mindmapinspiration.com

Mental maps differ from person to person, but maintain the same idea of retaining a personal perspective of an individual. This particular map is defining psychological confusions that ultimately lead into the answer or antidote of awareness. This is considered to be a mental, or mind, map. Its someone's perspective of the antidote to psychological confusion of certain human behavior. 

Isobar

http://www.csulb.edu/~rodrigue/geog140/lectures/pressure.html

These lines represent points that have the same atmospheric pressure. Shown here is an isobar map of New Zealand and Eastern Australia. It is measuring the high and low pressure of the area.

Cadastral Map

http://www.geshergalicia.org/projects/cadastral-map-and-landowner-records/

These maps are a legal documentation of property lines.The map above shows Dobromil in 1852. It serves as a map that showed property of citizens as well as establishments in the area. In this case, it has provided genealigists with records of land and family history. 

PLSS MAP

http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~alfrankl/landrecords.htm

Standing for Public Land Survey System, these maps identify land parcels that are not yet privately owned. Parcels are simply plots of land that are sectioned off systematically on a grid. In the map above, Franklin county is sectioned off in parcels that are labeled as south and west.

Hypsometric maps

http://www.reliefshading.com/zoomify/FranceLeuzinger.html

This type of map represents levels of elevation with color. As you can see, the map above provides different shades of green and brown to show elevation. The key to this map is "higher is brighter".

Dot Distribution Map

http://gothos.info/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/publibs_2009.png

In this map, dots are used to show concentration of a certain variable being measured in a given area.  The map above shows a survey of the amount of libraries in the U.S. The more dots, the more concentrated the region is with public libraries. 

Choropleth Map

http://www.cartozine.com/2012/05/05/unemployment-choropleth-map/

These maps are thematic and measure statistical variables with the use of shades and patterns. The map above measures the country's unemployment rate from November 2010 to December 2011. It's visible that the darker shade show a larger percentage of unemployment and the lighter shade shows a smaller percentage. 

Proportional Circle Map

http://personal.frostburg.edu/krtopping0/Europe%20Lab%20Circles.jpg

These types of maps use dots to represent the quantity of something in a given area. The larger the dot, the higher the quantity is of whatever is being represented in that area. The map shows the amount of people killed in road accidents in the year 2000. As you can see the dots are proportionate to the number of fatalities. 

Isoline Map

http://www.d.umn.edu/~brant055/labs/Isoline_Australia.jpg

These maps consist of lines that connect points on the map and group them into categories with the same qualities. These qualities may include elevation, temperature, air pressure, etc. The map above groups together areas that have the same amount of dust particles per liter of air. 

Flow Map

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Minard’s_map_of_French_wine_exports_for_1864.jpg

These maps are blended with flow charts in order to show movement of the variable being measured from one area to another over a period of time. The map above shows French wine exports for 1864. The flow from France is visible with the pink-reddish color. 

Cartogram

http://www.ncgia.ucsb.edu/projects/Cartogram_Central/

A cartogram shows quantitative information. Scale is not a factor in this map. The map shown above is a cartogram because of its focus on quantitative data and not on realistic scale.

Statistical Map

http://www3.uakron.edu/src/DataServ/Abstract/National-2003_CarPool_CPS.jpg

This map focuses on statistical information. The map above is a statistical abstract from the Census Bureau that has surveyed for the percentage of workers who carpool in each state. 

Infrared aerial photo

http://www.satimagingcorp.com/gallery/quickbird-oil-and-gas-near-infrared.html

These types of photos allow us, as humans, to see what we would otherwise not see outside of the color spectrum. The image above is a satellite image of Nigeria Africa. The less vegetated regions are less red in this image. 

Black & white aerial photo

http://serc.carleton.edu/images/research_education/geopad/san_ysidro_nm.jpg

A type of remote sensing that simplifies an image. The amount of gray in the image above makes it difficult to differentiate detail, but it is a black and white aerial photo, but it allows us to see details in this relief.

Doppler Radar

http://www.meteorologynews.com/2008/12/31/doppler-radar-can-detect-more-than-just-weather/

The Doppler radar station is found on Earth and emits microwaves to measure the time it takes to have those waves reflect from distant objects. This helps to give information about the atmosphere. This image was able to pick up on warm air was surrounding the region of Chicago.